SLOOP TO CUTTER-SLOOP - © 1899 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC : OCTOBER 14, 1899

In the first, or schooner period of the cup contests, extending from 1851 to 1881, there was no such clearly defined struggle of type against type as was witnessed in the later races of the second period, when the English yachtsmen received some consolation for their successive defeats in knowing that their American competitors, in the struggle to retain the "America" cup, have been forced to abandon the time-honored centerboard and adopt the lead-ballasted keel.

No series of races in the cup's history was ever sailed under such adverse and trying conditions as that between Columbia and Shamrock. An unprecedented period of foggy weather and light airs made it impossible to secure a race until thirteen days from the first day set, October 3d. The yachts started on October 3d, 5th, 7th and 19th, but could not finish within the time limit for want of wind, while none of these meetings afforded a conclusive test of their merits.

LONDON, Oct. 17.--England today challenged the United States to another series of races for the America's Cup.

At a special meeting of the International Yacht Racing Union today the Royal Yacht Squadron issued at challenge on behalf of Thomas 0ctave Murdoch Sopwith, aircraft manufacturer and designer.

Particular interest attaches to this year's series of contests, because of the fact that they will be held under a new rule of measurement, which discourages the building of the extreme and almost freakish type of yacht with which the public was made familiar in the last series of "America" cup contests.
The new rule governing this year's contests encourages a return to a more wholesome form, with a fuller and deeper body and sharper ends, ...

THE THISTLE ANCHORED IN AMERICAN WATERS.; COMING QUIETLY TO ANCHOR NEAR STATEN ISLAND EARLY YESTERDAY MORNING

August 17, 1897 : When the first beams of the rising sun began to color the dull eastern sky yesterday a tugboat could be seen puffing up the Lower Bay toward the Narrows with a tall-masted, shapely sloop in tow.

X3D

X3D is an open standard for 3D content delivery. It is not a programming API, nor just a file format for geometry interchange.

Frank C Paine, born on July 9, 1890, Boston, Mass, was the son of General Charles J Paine of Boston, a three times owner of the successful America’s Cup defenders for the New York Yacht Club, “Puritan” in 1885 (as part of a syndicate) and later “Mayflower” (1886) and “Volunteer” (1887). He was brought up in the world of yachts and was younger brother to an amateur yacht designer John Paine, who had designed ‘Jubilee’ for a Boston based syndicate ....

David Thimgan was without a doubt one of the leaders of a new generation of marine artists. Specializing in re-creating scenes of America’s seafaring past with emphasis on the West Coast and Pacific Rim waterways, David’s technique developed to near perfection.

Bruno Angius - in art "Bursus" - is born in Rome, Italy. After completing his engineering studies at the Naval Academy of Leghorn and at the University of Pisa, he spent many years as a Navy Officer on board ships and ashore.