Another Victory for the American Yacht Columbia.
The Livonia Defeated on the Open Course.
Forty Miles in Three Hours - The Quickest Race on Record.

Copyright © The New York Times: Published: October 19, 1871:
The second of the series of international contests for the possession of the Queen's Cup was sailed yesterday, and resulted in another victory for the American yacht Columbia.

Evolution of yacht design

With the application of naval architecture to yacht design, there was a tendency to break away somewhat from hide-bound tradition in yacht building, and the claims of the English type of deep, narrow cutter were beginning to be heeded and its good points to be taken into consideration.

A tempestuous passage

The new challenger, Livonia, left Cowes on September 2d and after a slow and tempestuous passage of twenty-nine days, during which she was hove to in a hurricane, and lost sails, broke her foreboom, and carried away her bowsprit, arrived at Staten Island on October 1st.

Whirlwind was the last of the four "J" class yachts to be ordered in 1929, and for this reason her designer choose composite construction for her, as the very limited number of workmen trained in light plating for yachts were already absorbed by the other three "J's" Enterprise, Weetamoe and Yankee. And so, Whirlwind's construction is very similar to that of Britannia, she should last as long as the royal cutter which was still racing after a long life of forty-two years.

X3D

X3D is an open standard for 3D content delivery. It is not a programming API, nor just a file format for geometry interchange.

By William P. Stephens - MotorBoating oct. 1944

CONTEMPORARY with Pearl, and even more famous in racing, was the cutter Arrow, built in 1822. Her first owner, Joseph Weld, was, like the Marquis of Angelsey, one of the founders of the Royal Yacht Squadron; like the Marquis, he had ideas of his own, and he chose as a builder, Inman of Lymington, to carry them out.

Lieut. William Henn, R. N., was born in Dublin in 1847, his father being a landed proprietor in the County Clare. At 13 years of age, he joined the Royal Navy (RN) as a cadet on HMS Trafalgar. From 1862 to 1866, he served as midshipman on the steam frigate HMS Galatea, at the time one of the fastest ships of the Royal Navy. William left the vessel a few months before the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Alfred, took command.

James Duggan was born in Charlotte, NC and spent many of his summers sailing on Buzzard's Bay in Massachusetts. It was there that he developed an interest in America's Cup racing and combined his passion for painting with his love of sailing and the rocky coast of New England.

George Steers (Aug. 15, 1819 – Sept. 25, 1856) one of 13 children, was born in Washington, USA. His father Henry Steers was engaged as Naval Constructor for the U.S. Government. He was a native of Devonshire, England, and learned his trade at the Royal dockyard at Devonport, coming to this country in 1819 and securing employment at the Washington navy yard. In 1827 the older Steers removed with his family to New York, where he built the first government dry-dock.